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Chinese mystery snail
The Chinese mystery snail, black snail, or trapdoor snail, scientific name ''Bellamya chinensis'',〔Solomon C. T., Olden J. D., Johnson P. T. J., Dillon R. T. & Vander Zanden M. J. (2010). "Distribution and community-level effects of the Chinese mystery snail (''Bellamya chinensis'') in northern Wisconsin lakes". ''Biological Invasions'' 12: 1591-1605. (PDF ).〕 synonym ''Cipangopaludina chinensis'', is a large freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae. The Japanese variety of this species is black and usually a dark green, moss-like alga covers the shell.
The name, "trapdoor snail" refers the operculum, an oval corneous plate that most snails in this clade possess. When the soft parts of the snail are fully retracted, the operculum seals the aperture of the shell, providing some protection against drying out and predation.
== Taxonomy ==
Taxonomy of the introduced populations of Oriental mystery snails is confusing and there are many scientific names in use.〔 There has also been debate regarding whether or not ''Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata'' and ''Cipangopaludina japonica'' in North America are synonymous and simply different phenotypes of the same species.〔 For example USGS database considers the two as separate species.〔 Smith (2000)〔Smith D. G. (2000). "Notes on the taxonomy of introduced ''Bellamya'' (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) species in northeastern North America". ''The Nautilus'' (114 ): 31–37.〕 argues that ''Cipangopaludina'' is a subgenus of ''Bellamya''; however, because most North American literature does not use the genus ''Bellamya'' to refer to these introduced snails, Oriental mystery snails discussed here are referred to by the name ''Cipangopaludina''.〔 Literature cited in the USGS database regarding the Chinese mystery snail may employ the following names: ''Cipangopaludina chinensis'', ''Cipangopaludina chinensis malleatus'', ''Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata'', ''Viviparus malleatus'', ''Viviparus chinensis malleatus'', ''Bellamya chinensis'' and ''Bellamya chinensis malleatus''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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